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3. Formulas and Functions

Come friends, today we learn the engine of Excel: formulas and functions. Maths, text, date-time and logical functions, SUMPRODUCT, and how to fix errors – we take them one by one. Every function has its syntax, an example on our Blinkit data and a small practice task. If something is not clear, read it once more, and type it yourself in Excel – that is real learning.

What you will learn in this module

  • Operators, order of calculation and function arguments (फंक्शनला दिलेली इनपुट मूल्ये)
  • Maths and statistics: SUM/SUMIFS, COUNT family, AVERAGEIFS, MINIFS/MAXIFS, ROUND family, RANK
  • Text: LEFT/RIGHT/MID, LEN, FIND/SEARCH, SUBSTITUTE, REPLACE, TRIM, CLEAN, case, CONCAT/TEXTJOIN/&, TEXT, TEXTBEFORE/TEXTAFTER/TEXTSPLIT
  • Dates and times: TODAY, NOW, DATE, EOMONTH, EDATE, NETWORKDAYS, WORKDAY, DATEDIF, WEEKDAY, time maths
  • Logic: IF, nested IF, IFS, AND/OR/NOT, SWITCH, IFERROR/IFNA, and SUMPRODUCT
  • Every common error (#N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NAME?, #SPILL!) and how to fix it

Live story: The ten-row Monday question

Suppose Shraddha Bagale opens our ten-row Blinkit Orders sheet on Monday and asks three questions: "What is Pune's delivered sales? How many orders took more than 12 minutes? Which orders should get a late tag?" She wants the answers as formulas, not as numbers typed by hand, so they update when new rows come in. This chapter builds those formulas: SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, text and date functions, IF and IFERROR.

All numbers in this story are fictional practice data.

The mini dataset used in this module (sheet Orders, rows 2–11):

About this data. The data on this page for "3. Formulas and Functions" is a made-up teaching sample. The names, shops, dates and numbers in the table are fictional. Amounts are in rupees (₹). Any business name here is fictional and not linked to a real company.
Row A: Order ID B: Date C: City D: Platform E: Category F: Qty G: Amount H: Mins I: Status
2 BLK-1001 02-11-2026 Pune Blinkit Dairy 2 64 9 Delivered
3 BLK-1002 02-11-2026 Nashik Blinkit Fruits 3 270 12 Delivered
4 AMN-1003 03-11-2026 Pune Amazon Now Snacks 1 110 14 Delivered
5 BLK-1004 03-11-2026 Nagpur Blinkit Fruits 2 240 11 Cancelled
6 AMN-1005 04-11-2026 Kolhapur Amazon Now Dairy 4 232 16 Delivered
7 BLK-1006 04-11-2026 Pune Blinkit Bakery 5 150 8 Delivered
8 BLK-1007 05-11-2026 Solapur Blinkit Home 1 1299 18 Delivered
9 AMN-1008 06-11-2026 Sambhaji Nagar Amazon Now Staples 3 195 10 Returned
10 BLK-1009 07-11-2026 Pune Blinkit Snacks 2 220 13 Cancelled
11 BLK-1010 08-11-2026 Nashik Blinkit Fruits 1 90 17 Delivered

Total Amount = ₹2,870. All results below are calculated on these ten rows.

Concepts in this chapter

  1. 3.1Formula Basics and Operators
  2. 3.2SUM, SUMIF and SUMIFS
  3. 3.3COUNT, COUNTA, COUNTBLANK, COUNTIF and COUNTIFS
  4. 3.4AVERAGE, AVERAGEIF(S), MINIFS and MAXIFS
  5. 3.5ROUND Family and RANK
  6. 3.6Text Functions: LEFT, RIGHT, MID, LEN, FIND and SEARCH
  7. 3.7SUBSTITUTE, REPLACE, TRIM, CLEAN and Case Functions
  8. 3.8Joining Text: &, CONCAT, TEXTJOIN and TEXT
  9. 3.9TEXTBEFORE, TEXTAFTER and TEXTSPLIT
  10. 3.10Date Functions: TODAY, NOW, DATE, DAY/MONTH/YEAR, EOMONTH, EDATE
  11. 3.11Working Days, DATEDIF and WEEKDAY
  12. 3.12Time Calculations
  13. 3.13IF, Nested IF and IFS
  14. 3.14AND, OR, NOT and SWITCH
  15. 3.15IFERROR and IFNA
  16. 3.16SUMPRODUCT
  17. 3.17Error Types and How to Fix Them

Review and practice

  1. ★Practice and Answer Key: SUMIFS, COUNTIFS and IF

The chapter recap is at the end of the last concept page.

Quick revision cards

Quick revision

Revise this chapter in two minutes. Save the cards on your phone or download them as PNG files. All names and numbers are made up for practice.

Revision card: SUMIFS, COUNTIF and COUNTIFS. Example data table with Milk sales in Pune: ₹750; How many sales are in Pune: 3; Pune sales above ₹300: 1.
Card 1 of 3: SUMIFS, COUNTIF and COUNTIFS · Download PNG
Revision card: Logic formulas: IF with AND, OR and IFS. Example data table with Bonus for Amir (row 2): Bonus; Zone for Salman (row 3): Zone 2; Grade Salman's sales: Mid.
Card 2 of 3: Logic formulas: IF with AND, OR and IFS · Download PNG
Revision card: Text and date formulas: TRIM, TEXTJOIN, DATEDIF. Example data table with Remove extra spaces: "Ruhi Bagale"; Join the names in the Name column: Amir, Salman, Rani; Full years from the Joined on for Amir to the As on for Amir: 31.
Card 3 of 3: Text and date formulas: TRIM, TEXTJOIN, DATEDIF · Download PNG

More cards for every chapter: Ravi Sir's Cards.