3. Formulas and Functions
Come friends, today we learn the engine of Excel: formulas and functions. Maths, text, date-time and logical functions, SUMPRODUCT, and how to fix errors – we take them one by one. Every function has its syntax, an example on our Blinkit data and a small practice task. If something is not clear, read it once more, and type it yourself in Excel – that is real learning.
चला मित्रांनो, आज आपण Excel चं "engine" शिकूया – formulas आणि functions. Maths, text, date-time, logical functions, SUMPRODUCT आणि errors कसे सोडवायचे – हे सगळं एक-एक करून बघू. प्रत्येक function साठी syntax, आपल्या Blinkit data वर example आणि छोटा practice आहे. समजलं नाही तर पुन्हा एकदा वाचा, आणि Excel मध्ये स्वतः type करा – तेच खरं शिकणं आहे.
चलो दोस्तों, आज हम Excel का "engine" सीखते हैं – formulas और functions. Maths, text, date-time, logical functions, SUMPRODUCT और errors कैसे ठीक करें – यह सब एक-एक करके देखेंगे. हर function के लिए syntax, हमारे Blinkit data पर example और छोटा practice है. समझ न आए तो एक बार फिर पढ़िए, और Excel में ख़ुद type कीजिए – वही असली सीखना है.
What you will learn in this module
- Operators, order of calculation and function arguments (फंक्शनला दिलेली इनपुट मूल्ये)
- Maths and statistics: SUM/SUMIFS, COUNT family, AVERAGEIFS, MINIFS/MAXIFS, ROUND family, RANK
- Text: LEFT/RIGHT/MID, LEN, FIND/SEARCH, SUBSTITUTE, REPLACE, TRIM, CLEAN, case, CONCAT/TEXTJOIN/&, TEXT, TEXTBEFORE/TEXTAFTER/TEXTSPLIT
- Dates and times: TODAY, NOW, DATE, EOMONTH, EDATE, NETWORKDAYS, WORKDAY, DATEDIF, WEEKDAY, time maths
- Logic: IF, nested IF, IFS, AND/OR/NOT, SWITCH, IFERROR/IFNA, and SUMPRODUCT
- Every common error (#N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NAME?, #SPILL!) and how to fix it
Live story: The ten-row Monday question
Suppose Shraddha Bagale opens our ten-row Blinkit Orders sheet on Monday and asks three questions: "What is Pune's delivered sales? How many orders took more than 12 minutes? Which orders should get a late tag?" She wants the answers as formulas, not as numbers typed by hand, so they update when new rows come in. This chapter builds those formulas: SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, text and date functions, IF and IFERROR.
All numbers in this story are fictional practice data.
Live story: दहा rows वाला सोमवारचा प्रश्न
समजा सोमवारी Shraddha Bagale आपली दहा rows ची Blinkit Orders sheet उघडतात आणि तीन प्रश्न विचारतात: "Pune चा delivered sales किती? किती orders ला 12 मिनिटांपेक्षा जास्त वेळ लागला? कोणत्या orders ना late tag द्यायचा?" त्यांना उत्तरं formulas म्हणून हवीत, हाताने type केलेले आकडे नकोत, म्हणजे नवीन rows आल्या की ती update होतील. हा chapter ते formulas बनवतो: SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, text आणि date functions, IF आणि IFERROR.
या story मधले सगळे आकडे काल्पनिक practice data आहेत.
Live story: दस rows वाला सोमवार का सवाल
मान लीजिए सोमवार को Shraddha Bagale हमारी दस rows की Blinkit Orders sheet खोलती हैं और तीन सवाल पूछती हैं: "Pune की delivered sales कितनी है? कितने orders में 12 मिनट से ज़्यादा लगे? किन orders को late tag देना है?" उन्हें जवाब formulas के रूप में चाहिए, हाथ से type किए आँकड़े नहीं, ताकि नई rows आएँ तो वे update हो जाएँ. यह chapter वही formulas बनाता है: SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, text और date functions, IF और IFERROR.
इस story के सारे आँकड़े काल्पनिक practice data हैं.
The mini dataset used in this module (sheet Orders, rows 2–11):
| Row | A: Order ID | B: Date | C: City | D: Platform | E: Category | F: Qty | G: Amount | H: Mins | I: Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | BLK-1001 | 02-11-2026 | Pune | Blinkit | Dairy | 2 | 64 | 9 | Delivered |
| 3 | BLK-1002 | 02-11-2026 | Nashik | Blinkit | Fruits | 3 | 270 | 12 | Delivered |
| 4 | AMN-1003 | 03-11-2026 | Pune | Amazon Now | Snacks | 1 | 110 | 14 | Delivered |
| 5 | BLK-1004 | 03-11-2026 | Nagpur | Blinkit | Fruits | 2 | 240 | 11 | Cancelled |
| 6 | AMN-1005 | 04-11-2026 | Kolhapur | Amazon Now | Dairy | 4 | 232 | 16 | Delivered |
| 7 | BLK-1006 | 04-11-2026 | Pune | Blinkit | Bakery | 5 | 150 | 8 | Delivered |
| 8 | BLK-1007 | 05-11-2026 | Solapur | Blinkit | Home | 1 | 1299 | 18 | Delivered |
| 9 | AMN-1008 | 06-11-2026 | Sambhaji Nagar | Amazon Now | Staples | 3 | 195 | 10 | Returned |
| 10 | BLK-1009 | 07-11-2026 | Pune | Blinkit | Snacks | 2 | 220 | 13 | Cancelled |
| 11 | BLK-1010 | 08-11-2026 | Nashik | Blinkit | Fruits | 1 | 90 | 17 | Delivered |
Total Amount = ₹2,870. All results below are calculated on these ten rows.
Concepts in this chapter
- 3.1Formula Basics and Operators
- 3.2SUM, SUMIF and SUMIFS
- 3.3COUNT, COUNTA, COUNTBLANK, COUNTIF and COUNTIFS
- 3.4AVERAGE, AVERAGEIF(S), MINIFS and MAXIFS
- 3.5ROUND Family and RANK
- 3.6Text Functions: LEFT, RIGHT, MID, LEN, FIND and SEARCH
- 3.7SUBSTITUTE, REPLACE, TRIM, CLEAN and Case Functions
- 3.8Joining Text: &, CONCAT, TEXTJOIN and TEXT
- 3.9TEXTBEFORE, TEXTAFTER and TEXTSPLIT
- 3.10Date Functions: TODAY, NOW, DATE, DAY/MONTH/YEAR, EOMONTH, EDATE
- 3.11Working Days, DATEDIF and WEEKDAY
- 3.12Time Calculations
- 3.13IF, Nested IF and IFS
- 3.14AND, OR, NOT and SWITCH
- 3.15IFERROR and IFNA
- 3.16SUMPRODUCT
- 3.17Error Types and How to Fix Them
Review and practice
The chapter recap is at the end of the last concept page.
Quick revision cards
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Revise this chapter in two minutes. Save the cards on your phone or download them as PNG files. All names and numbers are made up for practice.
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