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3. Formulas and Functions

3.1 Formula Basics and Operators

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Every formula starts with =. Excel follows the usual maths order: brackets → ^ (power) → * / → + - → & (join text) → comparisons (=, <>, >, <, >=, <=).

Formula Result Why
=2+3*4 14 Multiply first
=(2+3)*4 20 Brackets first
=G2*(1-10%) 57.6 10% discount on ₹64
=C2&" - "&D2 Pune - Blinkit Join text
=G3>G2 TRUE Comparison

A function is a ready-made formula: =FUNCTION(argument1, argument2, …). Arguments in square brackets in the syntax, like [range_lookup], are optional.

Steps in Excel

  1. Type =SU – the AutoComplete list appears. Press Tab to accept SUM(.
  2. Press Ctrl + A after the function name to open the Function Arguments dialog (or click fx).
  3. Use Formulas › Function Library to browse functions by category.
  4. Formulas › Formula Auditing › Show Formulas (Ctrl + `) shows all formulas instead of results.
  5. Formulas › Formula Auditing › Evaluate Formula runs a formula step by step.

Ravindra Bagale's Tip

Khup students brackets visartat aani =G2*1-10% lihitat – mag discount chukicha yeto. Formula lihilyavar ekda Evaluate Formula ne step by step bagha. Percentage type kartana 10% liha kiwa 0.1, pan 10 nahi.

Practice task

For each order compute Amount after 5% discount and Amount per unit (=G2/F2). Use Evaluate Formula on one of them.