Serverless IaC: SAM vs Serverless Framework vs CDK तुलना

By Ravindra Bagale, trainer · LinkedIn · Last updated: 2 November 2026

1. रोजचे: तीन kitchens

Priya (INR) checkout. YAML vs TypeScript — same thali, वेगळी kitchen.

CDK: AWS CDK; CFN: CloudFormation; Lambda: Lambda.

2. का compare?

हे का लागतं?

Console drift. IaC = review/rollback. Wrong tool = glue.

हे काय आहे?

SAM = CFN macros + sam CLI. Serverless Framework = yml+plugins. CDK = code to CFN.

3. Vertical diagram

4. How: table

कसं करायचं (step by step)

5. Commands

SAM validate

sam validate --template template.yaml --region ap-south-1

अर्थ: Deploy आधी template check.

List stacks

aws cloudformation list-stacks --region ap-south-1 \
  --stack-status-filter CREATE_COMPLETE UPDATE_COMPLETE \
  --query 'StackSummaries[].{N:StackName,T:TemplateDescription}' --output table

अर्थ: नवीन tool आधी inventory.

CDK ls

cdk ls --app "npx ts-node bin/app.ts" 2>/dev/null || echo "install cdk in project first" 

अर्थ: Synth stacks — deploy नाही.

Describe stack

aws cloudformation describe-stacks --region ap-south-1 \
  --stack-name checkout-api --query 'Stacks[0].{S:StackStatus,U:LastUpdatedTime}' 

अर्थ: Prod touch आधी last update.

6. CI

• Build to synth to stage to prod.
• No laptop prod.
• Pin versions.
• No plaintext secrets.

7. Industries

• Fintech CDK.
• Ecommerce SAM.
• SaaS SF.
• Gov SAM.
• Media CDK.

8. Lab

9. Lab - inspect

Org block नसेल तर ap-south-1 (Mumbai). आधी budget alert.

कसं करायचं (step by step)

1. List stacks.
2. CDK chapter.
3. 5-line choice.
4. sam validate.

Cleanup (billing थांबवा)

1. No orphan stacks.
2. Delete lab.

10. एकाच pattern — वेगवेगळ्या industries

• Fintech (Aisha, Lagos): payment webhooks → SQS → Lambda.
• Ecommerce (Rohan, Pune): checkout API; inventory SNS fan-out.
• Healthcare (Mei, Singapore): SNS SMS; PHI + fine-grained IAM.
• EdTech (Diego, São Paulo): EventBridge nightly cleanup.
• Logistics (Fatima, Casablanca): EventBridge + saga.
• Media (Kenji, Osaka): S3 → Lambda thumbs + fan-out.
• SaaS (Priya, Bengaluru): Cognito + per-tenant partition.
• Gov (Omar, Amman): strangler fig per form route.

11. Troubleshooting checklist

1. Region confirm करा.
2. CloudWatch Logs + request id.
3. Execution role permissions.
4. DLQ + oldest message age.
5. curl -v + CORS.
6. SFN event history.
7. Linked chapter पुन्हा वाचा.
8. Cost: concurrency/retries.

12. सामान्य errors आणि fixes

प्रत्येक row = खरी चूक. Panic करण्याआधी fix वाचा.

13. FAQ

14. Interview Q&A (Beginner / Mid / Senior + MNC)

15. Tips — English, मराठी आणि हिंदी

16. Architecture decision checklist

1. User journey 5 bullets, no AWS names.
2. Sync vs async mark.
3. Failure mode.
4. Idempotency key.
5. Data from access patterns.
6. Cost 1x and 10x.
7. Quotas ap-south-1.
8. Auth decision.
9. On-call + alarm.
10. Deep chapter link.
11. मग console/IaC.

17. Copy-paste quick commands

# Region and identity
aws configure get region
aws sts get-caller-identity

# Lambda landscape
aws lambda list-functions --region ap-south-1 --max-items 20 \
  --query 'Functions[].{N:FunctionName,R:Runtime,T:Timeout,M:MemorySize}' --output table
aws lambda get-account-settings --region ap-south-1

# API Gateway (HTTP APIs)
aws apigatewayv2 get-apis --region ap-south-1 --query 'Items[].{N:Name,Id:ApiId,Ep:ProtocolType}' --output table

# Queues and topics
aws sqs list-queues --region ap-south-1
aws sns list-topics --region ap-south-1 --query 'Topics[].TopicArn'

# Event buses and state machines
aws events list-event-buses --region ap-south-1
aws stepfunctions list-state-machines --region ap-south-1 --query 'stateMachines[].name'

# DynamoDB tables (names only)
aws dynamodb list-tables --region ap-south-1

Sandbox + read-only IAM.

18. अजून industry आणि stack stories

• Fintech Lagos: webhook → SQS → idempotent ledger.
• Ecommerce Pune: throttle + fan-out.
• Healthcare SG: SNS + PHI IAM.
• EdTech: EventBridge cleanup.
• Logistics: bus + saga.
• Media: avoid recursive S3.
• SaaS: tenant partition.
• Gov: strangler peel.
• Startup: Function URL → HTTP API.
• Retail: FIFO vs Standard.

• Python: thin handlers.
• Node: async/await.
• Java: SnapStart.
• .NET: package size.
• Go: static binary.
• PHP: hybrid.

19. Glossary

20. Practice: मोठ्याने explain

1. 60s: serverless IaC tools गोष्ट.
2. 60s: sync vs async checkout.
3. 60s: Lambda नको कधी.
4. 60s: DLQ + idempotency.
5. Record ×2.

21. Safe lab hygiene

• Tag owner+expiry.
• Budget alarm आधी.
• Read-only first.
• Cleanup.
• No secrets in env/screenshots.
• No provisioned on hello.

22. या chapter च्या links

• Compute: Lambda.
• HTTP: API Gateway.
• Data: DynamoDB.
• Messaging: SQS/SNS.
• Events: EventBridge.
• Workflows: Step Functions.
• build-* projects link.

23. Myths

24. Serverless error budget

Checkout error budget 0.1% असेल तर aggressive retries email duplicates देऊन budget जाळू शकतात. Money SLO ≠ notify SLO.

1. दोन SLOs.
2. Money retries bounded.
3. Notify best-effort.
4. Money page; notify ticket.

25. Regional notes (ap-south-1)

• Labs Mumbai.
• Feature availability.
• Data residency.
• Latency India.

26. Naming conventions

# Suggested prefixes
# Lambda:  pay-intake-prod, pay-worker-prod
# SQS:     pay-orders.fifo / pay-orders-dlq
# SNS:     pay-order-events
# EB bus:  pay.domain
# SFN:     pay-refund-saga
# DDB:     pay-orders-prod

env + domain नावात ठेवा. CloudWatch grep सोपा.

27. Pre-mortems

1. Double charge headline.
2. DLQ drain plan.
3. Cognito outage mode.
4. Runbook.

28. Currency / locale

Currencies आणि names rotate करा — global mental model.

29. Priya CDK

1. Shared grants.
2. YAML drift.
3. CDK IAM.
4. Diff catch.

30. Anti-patterns

• Tool churn.
• Admin laptop.
• No change set.

उजळणी, मुलाखत आणि तुलना cards

हा lesson काही मिनिटांत revise करा. Cards phone वर save करा किंवा PNG download करा. प्रत्येक card वरचा QR हा lesson उघडतो.

अजून cards: Ravi Sir's Cards.