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Chapter 20: Jenkins Manual Jobs — Install, Configure and Freestyle: Cards

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Revision cards

Freestyle job: the first Jenkins job. Many old company Jenkins servers still run freestyle jobs. You must read and fix them in a real job.
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Lesson: 20.1 Why a Freestyle job still matters

Install Jenkins LTS on Linux. LTS (Long-Term Support) gets fewer, tested updates. Companies use it so Jenkins does not break every week.
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Lesson: 20.2 Install Jenkins LTS on Linux (honest flow)

First login: unlock and suggested plugins. A new Jenkins is open to anyone who reaches the port. The first minutes decide if it is safe.
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Lesson: 20.3 First UI: suggested plugins and safety

Plugins you actually need. Every plugin (an add-on) is extra code that can break or have security holes.
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Lesson: 20.4 Plugins you actually need for this lab

System settings: URL, executors, quiet period. Wrong settings give broken links in emails and webhooks, or builds that block each other.
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Lesson: 20.5 Configuration: URL, executors, quiet period

Tools: tell Jenkins where Git and Node are. A job fails with “npm: not found” if Jenkins does not know where the tool is.
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Lesson: 20.6 Tools: Git and Node locations

Credentials for a private Git repo. A password typed in a job form can leak in logs or config backups.
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Lesson: 20.7 Credentials for private Git (by ID only)

Git in a freestyle job. Jenkins must get the newest code before it can build and test it.
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Lesson: 20.8 Git integration in a Freestyle project

Webhook vs Poll SCM in a lab. A build should start soon after a push, without someone clicking Build Now.
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Lesson: 20.9 Webhook vs poll SCM (honest lab)

What Jenkins needs from a Node.js project. Jenkins only runs commands. The project must say how to install, test and build.
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Lesson: 20.10 Tiny Node.js project shape (what Jenkins needs)

Freestyle build steps for Node.js. Build steps are the real work of the job. One wrong command makes every build red.
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Lesson: 20.11 Freestyle build steps — Node.js manual job

Read a red build. A red build tells you something broke. Guessing wastes time.
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Lesson: 20.12 Post-build and reading a red build

Freestyle job checklist. Interviewers ask you to explain a job from start to end in order.
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Lesson: 20.13 Freestyle checklist for interviews

Parameters on a freestyle job. One job can serve many cases if the user picks values when it starts.
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Lesson: 20.14 Parameters on the Freestyle job

Archive and email after the build. The workspace is cleaned or overwritten. The output of a good build must be kept.
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Lesson: 20.15 Archive and email after the build

Upstream and downstream jobs. Big work is easier in small jobs that run one after another.
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Lesson: 20.16 Upstream and downstream

Build triggers side by side. Picking the wrong trigger gives too many builds or none.
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Lesson: 20.17 Triggers side by side

Interview cards

What is a freestyle job, and why learn it today? A freestyle job is a Jenkins job configured through web forms. Many company servers still have them, and they teach every job part.
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Lesson: 20.1 Why a Freestyle job still matters

Why install Jenkins LTS and not weekly? LTS (Long-Term Support) releases come every few months with tested fixes. Weekly builds change fast.
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Lesson: 20.2 Install Jenkins LTS on Linux (honest flow)

What do you do first on a new Jenkins? Unlock with the initial admin password, install plugins, create your own admin user, and keep the server private.
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Lesson: 20.3 First UI: suggested plugins and safety

Why keep Jenkins plugins few? Each plugin is extra code. More plugins mean more updates, more conflicts and more security holes.
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Lesson: 20.4 Plugins you actually need for this lab

What is an executor in Jenkins? An executor is one build slot on a node. Two executors means two builds can run at the same time there.
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Lesson: 20.5 Configuration: URL, executors, quiet period

A job says “npm: not found”. What do you check? Check that Node is set in Manage Jenkins → Tools and that the job uses that tool name, or that the agent has Node installed.
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Lesson: 20.6 Tools: Git and Node locations

How should a Jenkins job use a Git password or key? Store it in the Credentials store and pick it by ID. Never type it in a job field or script.
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Lesson: 20.7 Credentials for private Git (by ID only)

Where does Jenkins put the cloned code? In the job's workspace, a folder on the node that runs the build, like /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/badge-build.
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Lesson: 20.8 Git integration in a Freestyle project

Webhook or Poll SCM: which do you choose? A webhook is better: Git calls Jenkins on push, so builds start at once. Poll SCM makes Jenkins ask Git on a timer.
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Lesson: 20.9 Webhook vs poll SCM (honest lab)

What must a Node.js repo have for Jenkins? A package.json with test and build scripts, and a package-lock.json so npm ci installs the same packages.
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Lesson: 20.10 Tiny Node.js project shape (what Jenkins needs)

Why npm ci and not npm install in Jenkins? npm ci installs exactly what the lockfile says, from clean. npm install can change versions.
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Lesson: 20.11 Freestyle build steps — Node.js manual job

A build is red. How do you debug it? Open Console Output, find the first error, check which commit came in, reproduce locally, fix in Git.
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Lesson: 20.12 Post-build and reading a red build

Explain a Jenkins job from start to end. Source: repo and credential ID. Trigger: webhook. Steps: npm ci, test, build. Post-build: archive dist and notify.
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Lesson: 20.13 Freestyle checklist for interviews

How do you pass a value into a Jenkins build? Make the job parameterized. The user sets values on Build with Parameters. Steps read them as variables.
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Lesson: 20.14 Parameters on the Freestyle job

What is an artifact, and why archive it? An artifact is a file a build produces. Archiving keeps it with the build number, so you can download or deploy that exact output.
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Lesson: 20.15 Archive and email after the build

What are upstream and downstream jobs? Upstream runs first. When it passes, it triggers the downstream job, like build then deploy.
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Lesson: 20.16 Upstream and downstream

Which build triggers does Jenkins have? Webhook on push, Poll SCM on change, Build periodically on a timer, and after another job.
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Lesson: 20.17 Triggers side by side

Comparison cards

Webhook vs Poll SCM. Two ways to start a build after a push.Webhook: Git calls Jenkins.Poll SCM: Jenkins asks Git on a timer.
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Lesson: 20.9 Webhook vs poll SCM (honest lab)

npm ci vs npm install. Two ways to install Node packages.npm ci: exact install from package-lock.json.npm install: may update the lockfile.
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Lesson: 20.11 Freestyle build steps — Node.js manual job

Poll SCM vs Build periodically. Both use a cron-style timer.Poll SCM: checks Git, builds only if something changed.Build periodically: builds every time.
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Lesson: 20.17 Triggers side by side