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Chapter 52: Dockerfile Instructions Explained: FROM, RUN, CMD vs ENTRYPOINT, COPY vs ADD, Multi-Stage and BuildKit

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A Dockerfile is the recipe for an image. Today we understand every instruction, their order, the cache, .dockerignore, multi-stage builds and BuildKit secrets, very clearly.

What you will learn in this chapter

  • FROM and ARG
  • RUN forms and layer cleanup
  • CMD vs ENTRYPOINT
  • COPY vs ADD, ENV vs ARG
  • WORKDIR, EXPOSE, USER, HEALTHCHECK, VOLUME, LABEL, STOPSIGNAL, ONBUILD, SHELL
  • Build cache and .dockerignore
  • Multi-stage builds and secret mounts
  • Every build and buildx command
  • SBOM and provenance attestations
  • Build images in CI: DinD, socket mount, Kaniko
  • GitHub Actions build and push to GHCR

All Docker commands in one place

Every docker command step by step on one running example (build, run, exec, logs, volumes, networks, Compose, cleanup) with a cheat sheet: All Docker Commands Step by Step with Examples

Concepts in this chapter

  1. 52.1FROM and ARG: choose the base image
  2. 52.2RUN: shell form, exec form, layers and cache cleanup
  3. 52.3CMD vs ENTRYPOINT
  4. 52.4COPY vs ADD
  5. 52.5ENV vs ARG
  6. 52.6WORKDIR, EXPOSE and USER
  7. 52.7HEALTHCHECK, VOLUME, LABEL, STOPSIGNAL, ONBUILD and SHELL
  8. 52.8Build cache and .dockerignore
  9. 52.9Multi-stage builds and BuildKit secrets
  10. 52.10docker build and buildx commands: full reference
  11. 52.11SBOM and provenance attestations with buildx
  12. 52.12Building images in CI: DinD vs socket mount vs Kaniko
  13. 52.13GitHub Actions: build and push images to GHCR

The chapter recap is at the end of the last concept page.

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