50.3 Networking, Linux and AWS terms
CIDR, SSH, security group, IAM, sudo yum – foundation + cloud. Alphabetical. Samjla ka?
| Term | Meaning | मराठी अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| CIDR | Compact way to write IP range + prefix length (e.g. 10.0.0.0/8). |
— (English madhech vapra) |
| CloudTrail | AWS service that records API activity for audit. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| Command | Instruction typed in a shell (e.g. ls, sudo yum). |
— (English madhech vapra) |
| DHCP | Protocol that assigns IP settings automatically. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| DNS | System that maps names to IP addresses. | नेटवर्क पत्त्याचे भाषांतर |
| EC2 | AWS virtual servers (instances) you launch and secure. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| fail2ban | Tool that bans IPs after repeated auth failures (e.g. SSH). | — (English madhech vapra) |
| File | Named data on disk. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| firewalld | Firewall service common on Amazon Linux / CentOS-family. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| Folder | Directory that holds files. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| GuardDuty | AWS threat-detection service on account/VPC telemetry. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| Host-only network | Isolated VirtualBox/VMware network for safe labs (192.168.56.x). |
फक्त-होस्ट नेटवर्क (प्रयोगशाळा) |
| IAM | Identity and Access Management – users, roles, policies in AWS. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| NAT | Translates private IPs to a public IP for outbound access. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| Password | Secret string used in authentication (prefer MFA + keys too). | — (English madhech vapra) |
| Port | Numbered endpoint for a service (22 SSH, 80 HTTP, 443 HTTPS). | — (English madhech vapra) |
| Private IP (RFC 1918) | Non-routable ranges (10/8, 172.16/12, 192.168/16) for internal nets. |
खाजगी IP श्रेणी |
| RDS | AWS managed relational database service (never public in class labs). | — (English madhech vapra) |
| S3 | AWS object storage (buckets/objects; Block Public Access default mindset). | — (English madhech vapra) |
| Security group | Stateful virtual firewall rules on AWS ENIs / instances. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| SELinux | Mandatory access control layer on many Linux distros. | सुरक्षा-वर्धित लिनक्स नियंत्रण |
| Server | Machine that offers a service (web, DB, SSH). | — (English madhech vapra) |
| Shared responsibility | Cloud: AWS secures the cloud; you secure what you put in it. | सामायिक जबाबदारी मॉडेल |
| SSH | Encrypted remote shell (prefer keys; harden sshd). |
— (English madhech vapra) |
| Subnet | A smaller network carved from a larger address space. | नेटवर्कचे विभाजन |
| sudo service | Preferred service control in this book: start\|stop\|restart\|reload\|status. |
— (English madhech vapra) |
| sudo yum | Preferred package manager habit on Amazon Linux / CentOS-family. | — (English madhech vapra) |
| Website | HTTP/HTTPS site served by Apache/Nginx (or S3 static). | — (English madhech vapra) |
| Red team (attacker) does | Blue team (defender) detects / stops |
|---|---|
| Scans random public CIDRs “for practice” | Scans only OWN host-only / documented Free Tier |
Leaves SSH password + 0.0.0.0/0 SG |
Keys-only SSH; tight SG; fail2ban; sudo yum update |
| Makes S3 bucket public “temporarily” | Block Public Access; least-privilege IAM; CloudTrail |
Ravindra Bagale's Tip
Book habit: sudo yum + sudo service … start – day-to-day dnf / systemctl start avoid (Ubuntu apt notes alag). Port / server / password = English madhech – Devanagari force karu naka. Lakshat theva.
Lab
On OWN Amazon Linux lab: run sudo yum check-update (or note), ss -tulpn, and sudo service sshd status. Write three glossary terms you just “touched” with Blue one-liners. No internet target scans.