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2. Ports and Protocols: SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP/SFTP and DNS

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Chala mitrano, IP ne aapan machine paryant pohochlo. Pan tya machine var konta program uttar deil – web server, SSH ki MySQL? Te port tharavto. Aaj aapan ports aani mahatvache protocols – SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP/SFTP aani DNS – shiknar aahot. Pudhe Nmap scan kartana hech ports tumhala "open" kiwa "closed" distil, mhanun he chapter nit lakshat theva.

What you will learn in this chapter

  • Port ranges and the well-known ports every security professional must know
  • SSH: how key-based login works and why port 22 is attacked so often
  • HTTP: requests, methods, headers and status codes
  • HTTPS and TLS basics: certificates, the handshake and encryption (कूटबद्धीकरण)
  • FTP vs SFTP, and why plain FTP is dangerous
  • DNS basics: resolution, record types and DNS as an attack surface

Concepts in this chapter

  1. 2.1Ports and the Well-Known Port List
  2. 2.2SSH (Secure Shell) – Port 22
  3. 2.3HTTP – Port 80
  4. 2.4HTTPS and TLS Basics – Port 443
  5. 2.5FTP and SFTP
  6. 2.6DNS Basics – Port 53

The chapter recap is at the end of the last concept page.