Ravindra BagaleCourses & study guides

5. Linux Basic Commands

5.7 Package Management: yum and apt

Package manager mhanje mobile madla Play Store – tumhi naav sangta, to trusted repository madhun software aani tyache dependencies aanto.

Task Ubuntu / Debian (apt) Amazon Linux 2023, Amazon Linux 2, CentOS Stream 9 (yum)
Refresh package list sudo apt update (automatic) sudo yum makecache
Upgrade all sudo apt upgrade -​y sudo yum update -y
Install sudo apt install -​y nginx sudo yum install -​y nginx*
Remove sudo apt remove nginx (purge removes config too) sudo yum remove nginx
Search apt search php yum search php
Info apt show nginx yum info nginx
List installed apt list --​installed yum list installed
Which package gives a file dpkg -​S /​usr/​sbin/​nginx yum provides /​usr/​sbin/​nginx
Clean cache sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt clean sudo yum clean all
Package file format .deb (dpkg -i) .rpm (rpm -i)

* On Amazon Linux 2, some packages come from amazon-linux-extras (e.g. sudo amazon-linux-extras install nginx1). Amazon Linux 2023 has no amazon-linux-extras; everything is in the regular repositories.

Why this matters for security

Unpatched packages are one of the most common ways in. sudo yum update -y / sudo apt upgrade -y fixes known vulnerabilities (कमकुवत जागा) that tools like Nessus, OpenVAS and Metasploit look for. Install software only from official repositories – random .rpm/.deb files or curl | bash scripts can carry malware.

Ravindra Bagale's Tip

Amazon Linux var apt aani Ubuntu var yum type karnare khup students aahet. Aadhi cat /etc/os-release ne OS bagha. Amazon Linux/CentOS = yum, Ubuntu = apt. Aani Ubuntu var install purvi sudo apt update visru naka.

Practice task

Install git, tree and htop on both your Amazon Linux and Ubuntu instances. Then find which package provides /usr/sbin/sshd on each.