5.7 Package Management: yum and apt
Package manager mhanje mobile madla Play Store – tumhi naav sangta, to trusted repository madhun software aani tyache dependencies aanto.
| Task | Ubuntu / Debian (apt) |
Amazon Linux 2023, Amazon Linux 2, CentOS Stream 9 (yum) |
|---|---|---|
| Refresh package list | sudo apt update |
(automatic) sudo yum makecache |
| Upgrade all | sudo apt upgrade -y |
sudo yum update -y |
| Install | sudo apt install -y nginx |
sudo yum install -y nginx* |
| Remove | sudo apt remove nginx (purge removes config too) |
sudo yum remove nginx |
| Search | apt search php |
yum search php |
| Info | apt show nginx |
yum info nginx |
| List installed | apt list --installed |
yum list installed |
| Which package gives a file | dpkg -S /usr/sbin/nginx |
yum provides /usr/sbin/nginx |
| Clean cache | sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt clean |
sudo yum clean all |
| Package file format | .deb (dpkg -i) |
.rpm (rpm -i) |
* On Amazon Linux 2, some packages come from amazon-linux-extras (e.g. sudo amazon-linux-extras install nginx1). Amazon Linux 2023 has no amazon-linux-extras; everything is in the regular repositories.
Why this matters for security
Unpatched packages are one of the most common ways in. sudo yum update -y / sudo apt upgrade -y fixes known vulnerabilities (कमकुवत जागा) that tools like Nessus, OpenVAS and Metasploit look for. Install software only from official repositories – random .rpm/.deb files or curl | bash scripts can carry malware.
Ravindra Bagale's Tip
Amazon Linux var apt aani Ubuntu var yum type karnare khup students aahet. Aadhi cat /etc/os-release ne OS bagha. Amazon Linux/CentOS = yum, Ubuntu = apt. Aani Ubuntu var install purvi sudo apt update visru naka.
Practice task
Install git, tree and htop on both your Amazon Linux and Ubuntu instances. Then find which package provides /usr/sbin/sshd on each.