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11. Reshape and Wide/Long Data

11.1 Wide vs Long

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Wide: one row per city, many month columns. Long: one row per city-month — better for groupby and seaborn.

import pandas as pd

wide = pd.DataFrame({
    "city": ["Pune", "Nashik", "Nagpur"],
    "Aug": [120000, 80000, 70000],
    "Sep": [150000, 95000, 72000],   # Ganeshotsav lift in Pune
    "Oct": [220000, 140000, 90000],  # Diwali lift
})
wide